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History Law | Vietnam Law and Legal Forum magazine Vietnam Law & Legal Forum Magazine Management of Thang Long-Hanoi in medieval times The medieval history of Thang Long-Hanoi can be traced back to the time King Ly Cong Uan moved the royal city from Hoa Lu to Dai La and named it “Thang Long” in 1010, until the French colonialists invaded the country in the late 19th century. Administrative reform under the Nguyen Dynasty President Ho Chi Minh : Genius strategist of the Vietnamese Revolution Vietnam committed to supporting nuclear weapon-free world: Ambassador Vietnam delivers report at session on Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Party chief’s trip to enhance cooperation with Indonesia, Singapore, ASEAN: official Social housing must be prioritized over commercial accommodation: PM UNICEF hails Vietnam’s public school tuition waiver policy as investment in future Vietnam chairs 75th meeting of Initiative for ASEAN Integration Task Force Dien Bien Phu - a battle to remember Seventy years ago, Vietnam won the Dien Bien Phu battle, forcing the French government to sign the Geneva Agreement in July 1954 and marking the end of the French military presence in the whole Indochina. Law interpretation in Hoang Viet Luat Le Lawmaking under the Nguyen dynasty was given special prominence by various kings from Gia Long to Tu Duc with many laws and regulations diverse in form and rich in content. Typical among them was Hoang Viet Luat Le , the most comprehensive ancient code in Vietnam. Strategic breakthroughs and turning points for victory day The strategically significant victory of the Central Highlands Campaign followed by the rapid and resounding success of the Hue-Da Nang offensive in March 1975 fundamentally altered the situation of the liberation war, creating a pivotal turning point and ensuring conditions for a definitive victory in the historic Ho Chi Minh Campaign, which fully liberated the South and unified the country. 1954 Geneva Agreement - a historical milestone of Vietnam’s diplomacy The 1954 Geneva Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities in Vietnam is a historical milestone of the country's revolutionary diplomacy, bearing the imprint of President Ho Chi Minh's ideology, style, and art of diplomacy, Minister of Foreign Affairs Bui Thanh Son wrote in his article marking 70 years since the signing of the document . Law codification under Vietnamese monarchies Fully aware of the important role of laws and the need to codify them, Vietnamese monarchies from the 10th to 19thcenturies enacted numerous statutory codes and collections of common law for uniform and easy enforcement and application. Crimes under Vietnam’s feudal law: causes and handling measures In order to promptly detect and strictly address crimes, Vietnamese feudal dynasties adopted different measures to prevent and combat crimes. These efforts contributed to fortifying the state apparatus and ensuring the effect of state laws and the stability of people’s lives. Vietnamese entrepreneurs during northern domination and feudal period Vietnamese entrepreneurs constitute a social group with a long history, distinctive traditions and valuable contributions, which has played a pivotal role in different periods of the country’s socio-economic prosperity. Statute of limitations in ancient and contemporary law of Vietnam[1] Statute of limitations constitutes an important institution in civil law, ancient and modern. It bears two meanings. Socially, it aims to stabilize transactions in society within given time limits. Legally, it aims to prevent sine-die litigations which will cause difficulties in determining the evidences of lawsuits. Protection of the guarantor in Vietnamese and comparative law Guarantee is one of the first security interests to emerge, even before it was codified in statutes in Vietnam. In judicial history, the Hong Duc Code of the Le Dynasty is regarded as a legal masterpiece, which continues to influence the Vietnamese people. Public safety and order-related offenses under ancient and modern laws in Vietnam Vietnam’s law on public safety and order-related offenses have constantly evolved through different historical periods, from unclear and lax traditional customs and practices, kings’ decrees and orders and royal codes to strict and specific provisions in modern penal codes. Such crimes were also prescribed in various types of documents, including ancient feudal codes, village conventions, customs and contracts, and in political practices. Village self-rule in feudal Vietnam Studies reveal that unlike Chinese and Southeast Asian villages during feudal time, the Vietnamese villages and communes applied a stricter self-rule regime with a fairly large scope covering various aspects of the community life, such as production organization , relations between different social strata, security protection, management of public property, public land division, learning promotion, social relief, organization of cultural and spiritual activities, and the implementation of tax and conscription duties. Tonkin Civil Code - A combination between Asian and European laws In the early 20th century, after decades of ruling, the French colonialists planned a political reform of Indochina, including Vietnam. In the legal area, they directed the compilation of many new codes in replacement of old feudal laws of the Nguyen dynasty. During this period they promulgated a dozen of new codes, including “Bo Dan Luat Bac Ky” , which was compiled from 1917 and enacted in the name of the Hue royal court in 1931. Gia Long Code and a new step of feminism Gia Long Code, compiled by the Northern Citadel Governor Nguyen Van Thanh and promulgated by King Gia Long in 1815 - 13 years after the founding of the Nguyen Dynasty, was the official code of Vietnam in the early Nguyen Dynasty and continued to be applied in the Central Vietnam during the French colonial period. Recruitment of mandarins in feudal Vietnam In feudal Vietnam from the 15th to 19th centuries, mandarins were recruited mainly through “nhiem tu”; “khoa cu”; and “tien cu” or “bao cu”. During the Ly and Tran dynasties , nhiem tu was the major method of recruitment, by which various positions in the central and local administrations were assigned to royal family members. This method continued to be used in subsequent periods although it was no longer the major one. Land-related provisions in Le Dynasty’s “Quoc Trieu Hinh Luat” Quoc Trieu Hinh Luat of the Le dynasty was the culmination of legislative work in feudal Vietnam. With 722 articles arranged in 13 chapters, it dealt with almost all basic social relations then, from criminal, marriage-family, inheritance, contractual, procedural, and land to administrative issues. Procedural law in Vietnam during the 15th and 19th centuries - historical and contemporary values The procedural law and regulations in Vietnam during the 15th and 19 centuries were prescribed fairly comprehensively and specifically in “Quoc Trieu Hinh Luat” of the late Le dynasty and “Hoang Viet Luat Le” under the Nguyen dynasty. They were also codified into “Quoc Trieu Kham Tung Dieu Le” , which was really a distinctive legal phenomenon of the Vietnamese feudal laws. The vulnerable’s rights protected by Vietnam’s feudal law In Vietnam’s feudal regime, the vulnerable included women, the elderly, children, persons with disabilities, widows, widowers, the lonely, ethnic minorities, persons with nobody to rely on, prisoners and, in a broader sense, people in general as commoners in relation to the state. The feudal states paid attention to these disadvantaged groups and protected their legitimate rights and interests. The human rights then were understood in a narrow sense as legitimate needs and interests of people, which were recognized and protected to a certain extent by law. Family morality in Vietnam’s feudal laws During the feudal time, Vietnamese family relationships were governed by not only Confucian principles but also fundamental morals, which established a code of conduct among family members and affirmed the rules for family ties. Children were expected to show their filial piety towards parents and grandparents while brothers and sisters to show self-denial and altruism to one another. The harmonious combination of the fundamental morals and Confucian principles among family members has formed the traditional family culture of Vietnamese people. Vietnamese feudal laws institutionalized the traditional morality with specific duties for family members and measures against violations. The values and limitations of Vietnamese feudal laws in this regard have been inherited and abolished in the spirit of ensuring equality, freedom and human rights for women, the elderly and children - the disadvantaged members in families and society. Human rights and civil rights as enshrined in Vietnam’s constitutions All nations consider human rights and civil rights as the basic and indispensable institutions of their constitutions. Recognizing, guaranteeing and protecting human rights and civil rights are constitutional missions and objectives in nations around the world as well as in Vietnam. The 1946 general election - a milestone in formation and development of the democratic institution of Vietnam The election of deputies to the 15th National Assembly, to be held on May 23, constitutes a new landmark in the history of the Vietnamese National Assembly, which has constantly developed with many important achievements in constitutional and legislative activities as well as in making decisions on major issues of the country. Copyright Vietnam Law and Legal Forum magazine, Vietnam News Agency,79 Ly Thuong Kiet St. Hanoi, VietnamLicense No: 172/GP-BTTTT issued by the Ministry of Information and Communications on May17, 2023Deputy Editor-in-Chief: LE HAI TRIEUTel: 04-38248670/Email: [email protected]